1
|
- A brief analysis
- by
- John Birchall
|
2
|
- Over 1000 million people
- Divided into 59 economic centres
- highest number of IT literate people at post undergraduate level in the
world
- major force in engineering
- has own space programme
- has own nuclear programme
|
3
|
- Poverty reduction remains major target
- Per capital GNI $450 per annum.
- Poverty and illiteracy closely linked, especially amongst women
- 34% of young population remain malnourished
- 4 - 5 million HIV/Aids cases
|
4
|
- Population 1 billion +
- annual growth 1.8%
- fertility rate 3.1
- infant mortality per 1000 live births = 70
- mortality of those under 5 per 1000 live births = 88
- Malnutrition prevalence of children under 5 = 45%
- 30% of people live in urban centres
- Illiteracy rates - males = 31%, females = 54%
|
5
|
- GDP growth since 1981 is 5.8%, highest amongst large countries outside
East Asia
- Removed strategy of protectionism and growth began to increase
- Opening-up of markets has seen agriculture grow by 3.3% p.a. during
1990’s
- major reason for decline in poverty
- 70% of poor live in rural areas
|
6
|
- 40% of nations poor live in north and east of country
- re-focus of agriculture - end of subsidies and open markets being
encouraged
- distortions in agriculture within States
- The poorest States have high debt ratios
- Central government has problems with public sector pay awards
- 34% of population still live in poverty = 300 million
|
7
|
- 30 million children still do not attend school
- women still not fully engaged in political, legal and economic systems
- success of women only banks and micro loans
- Compare with Indonesia - on a par in 1960, now has 80% literacy and
<20% below poverty
- much still dependent on ‘good’ harvest - problems arise when food supply
poor
|
8
|
- Large Central government fiscal debt is a worry
- approximately 2% of GDP
- total Central government debt is 9.6% of GDP
- This raise external worries regarding fiscal discipline and macro
management
- to cut deficit Central government has raised taxes
- In contrast to fiscal situation trade is encouraging
|
9
|
- Current deficit down to 1% of GDP but exports have slipped as world
markets began to tighten
- tariff reform will ease problems as will expenditure on infrastructure
- Reform of public-sector dominated financial sector being asked for
- government debt takes up 40% of bank deposits
- private sector crowded out?
|
10
|
- Privatisation beginning - power thought to be first candidate
- will reduce public sector debt and interest rate pressure
- good governance now a major aim
- De-regulation continuing in agriculture to assist in increasing
international competitiveness
- but much remains to be done
|
11
|
- 3.3 million sq km = India!
- 640 of which are covered in forest
- .1% reduction in forests each year
- Proportion of population with improved access to water =88%
- Those with access to improved sanitation = 77%
- Energy use per capita ( equivalent of kg of oil) = 485
- Electricity use per capita (kwh) 347.3
|
12
|
- GNI total $ 473 billion
- per capita GNI $460
- GDP growth 4.5 p.a.
- Inflation 6.1% p.a.
- Agriculture value added as percentage of GDP = 24.5%
- Industry value added = 27.1%
- Services value added = 48.4%
- Exports of goods and services as % GDP=13.6%
- Imports as % GDP = 16.5%
- Gross Capital formation as %GDP = 13%
|
13
|
- Trade in Goods as share of GDP 21%
- Net barter terms of trade 108
- Foreign Direct Investment US$ Net = 2.3 billion
- Total Debt service ( % of exports) = 12.5%
- Short-term debt outstanding = 3.5 billion$
- Aid per capita(US$) 1.5
- Overall budget deficit = 5.4% of GDP
|
14
|
- Telephones(fixed and mobile) per 1000 people = 35.5
- Personal Computers per 1000 people = 4.5
- Internet users 5 million
- Paved Roads as % of total 20.3%
- Aircraft departures 198.5 thousand
- CO2 emissions(metric tons per capita) 1.1
|
15
|
- Net secondary attendance
- Girls in secondary education
- Net primary school attendance
- Disability prevalence in both rural and urban areas
- Prevalence of HIV/Aids in rural and urban areas
|
16
|
- Gems and ornamental items 16.5
- Engineering 12.9
- Textiles 12.8
- Garments 12.1
- Chemicals 8.0
- Leather goods 5.8
- Iron Ore 1.7
|
17
|
|
18
|
|
19
|
- Registered Medical practitioner per 10,000 = 5.5
- Beds per 10,000 = 9.3
- Proportion of population dependent on agriculture 78%
- Birth rate per 1000 26.1, death rate per 1000 8.7%
|